delicate handle crafted of fruitwood; diminutive forged blade having upturned tines and engraved linear decorations on bowl; inked on the handle is the inscription: 103: Pipe Tomahawk belonged to Chief Cornplanter Seneca Indians. Ft Harmer(sic) Treaty. 1789. M.C. Lore(?) Collection then(?) to J.G. Braecklein

length 15 inches, length of blade 6-3/4 inches

Published:

Baldwin, John. Tomahawks, Pipe Axes: Of the American Frontier (1995: 100).

Baldwin, John. Indian War Clubs of the American Frontier (2001: 14).

Hartzler, Daniel D. and James A. Knowles. Indian Tomahawks and Frontiersman Belt Axes (1995: 74).

Johnston, James. Accouterments (1990: 42).

Ex Jim Dresslar Collection (1933-2011); Collected by John George Braecklein (1865-1958)

Cornplanter, Gyantwaia (1750-1836), the son of a Dutch fur trader and Seneca woman, was a prominent Seneca war chief and diplomat.  During the French and Indian War and the American Revolution, the Iroquois League aligned with the British, despite Cornplanter’s recommendation to remain neutral.  Cornplanter’s views on neutrality and his non-resistance stance to White expansion guided him on his unpopular decisions.

After the Revolutionary War, and because the League was no longer provided support by the British, the 1789 Treaty of Fort Stanwix was drafted.  This treaty, between the League and the United States government, was created as a peace treaty but also seeded all lands of the Ohio Territory and along the Niagara River to the United States.  Cornplanter was a signer of the treaty.  Following the signing, obvious discord occurred between the League and the US Government.  Additional treaties were drawn up and signed, including the Treaty at Fort Harmar (1789), another of which was signed by Cornplanter. The Treaty at Fort Harmar’s original intent was to address these problematic land issue boundaries of the Western Reserve which had not been earlier addressed at the Treaty at Fort Stanwix or later engagements.  The end result of Fort Harmar did nothing more than reiterate the terms of the earlier agreements. 

References:

Abler, Thomas S., Cornplanter: Chief Warrior of the Allegany Senecas. 2007

Stone, William Leete. Life and Times of Red-Jacket, Or Sa-go-ye-wat-ha: Being the Sequel to the History of the Six Nations (reprint 2010: 428).

Treaty with the Six Nations: Transcript. http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Treaty_with_the_Six_Nations_(1789)_(Ft._Harmar)_(Transcript) (accessed August 4, 2023).